What Is A Transformer? Types, Working Principle, Functions and Applications Explained

 

A transformer is a device that increases or decreases voltage.

 

some questiones you may interested in

the types of the transformer

The working principle 

 transformer's fuction

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Step-Up Transformer

Function
Increase Voltage: As it's name to say, it can convert low-voltage electrical energy into high voltage,it is suitable for long-distance transmission and it can reduce energy loss in this process.
Strong Adaptability: This ability decide it commonly used between power plants and substations.

Characteristics
Turns Ratio: The step up transformer's primary winding's turns is fewer than the secondary winding.
High Efficiency: The step up transformer has high efficency, so it can reduce the loss in electrical transmission.

Step-Down Transformer

Function
Decrease Voltage: The step down transformer can convert high-voltage electrical energy into low voltage, it is suitable for residential and industrial use.
Safety: The step down transformer can reduce voltage makes electrical use safer.

Characteristics
Turns Ratio: The step down transformer's primary winding has more turns than the secondary winding.
Wide Application: The step down transformer used in distribution networks and at the consumer end.

The working principle of the transformer is electromagnetic induction, but strictly speaking, it is because of the mutual induction phenomenon. The following is an explanation of the induction law and the mutual induction phenomenon:

Principle of electromagnetic induction: When the magnetic flux associated with the coil changes (or we can understand that the magnetic flux passing through or through the coil changes), the coil will induce an electromotive force (electromotive force is a physical quantity used to characterize the power supply, commonly known as current), and when the magnetic flux passing through the coil keeps changing continuously, this induced electromotive force (induced current) will be generated continuously accordingly. This is the most intuitive explanation of "electromagnetism".

Specifically, according to Faraday's electromagnetic induction principle, the amplitude of the induced electromotive force (induced current) is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux passing through the coil. We can explain this statement more intuitively in a mathematical way, , where E is the induced electromotive force, N is the number of turns of the coil, and is the rate of change of the magnetic flux.

Let's look at mutual inductance: the changing alternating current in the primary coil generates a changing magnetic field, and the changing magnetic field passes through the secondary coil, which induces an electromotive force in the secondary coil, that is, an induced current: EMF. Mutual inductance is a direct result of Faraday's law.

Transformers are the best example of mutual inductance, and we define it as follows: when a changing current in one coil induces an electromotive force (current) in another adjacent coil, the phenomenon that occurs is called mutual inductance (which is what we commonly call "electricity generates magnetism, magnetism generates electricity").

In detail, according to Lenz's law, the current generated by the mutual inductance between two coils is affected by the mutual inductance coefficient (the mutual inductance coefficient (M) quantifies the degree of mutual inductance between the two coils), which is measured in Henry (H) according to electronic data. The mutual inductance of the two coils is the same.

According to the function, transformers can be divided into step-up transformers and step-down transformers.The following are the main functions of the two types of transformers.

Long-distance power transmission: When we want to carry out long-distance power transmission, low-voltage current is far inferior to high-voltage current in terms of cost-effectiveness and work efficiency. Therefore, we generally do not use low-voltage current for long-distance power transmission in the power system, because low-voltage current is not only slow in the circuit, but also due to the existence of resistance in the circuit, the heat loss per unit area is also greater.

In order to avoid the above situation, we usually use power transformers (step-up transformers) to increase the voltage of the sender and reduce the current passing through the transmission line per unit time, thereby reducing the energy loss caused by resistance during transmission.

By using step-up transformers (click to learn about step-up transformers), we can efficiently transmit electricity from power plants to power consumption areas far away from power sources. (Regarding the issue of enameled copper wire and enameled aluminum wire, Yawei transformers are also trustworthy.)

Adapt to load requirements: Different electrical equipment and systems have different voltage requirements. Power transformers can convert high-voltage electrical energy into low-voltage electrical energy (step-down transformers) suitable for specific equipment or systems to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. For example, low-voltage equipment and high-voltage poles used in daily life are good reference objects: high-voltage poles are part of the power system. Due to transmission requirements, their voltage is usually higher than the voltage of our daily electrical equipment, but our daily electrical equipment does not need such a high voltage, so the current needs to be stepped down.

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