**Power Transformer Working Principle
**first. Principle of electromagnetic induction**
The working principle of power transformer is based on electromagnetic induction. When the primary side (high-voltage side) windings connected to the AC power supply, the current in the windings to produce alternating magnetic field, this alternating magnetic field in the secondary side (low-voltage side) windings to produce induced electromotive force, so as to realize the transmission of electric energy.
** two, the winding and core structure **
Power transformer is mainly composed of windings, iron core, insulation and oil tank. Winding is the circuit part of the transformer, divided into high-voltage winding and low-voltage winding, they are wound on the core. Iron core is the part of the magnetic circuit of the transformer, it is made of thin silicon steel sheet stacked to reduce eddy current and hysteresis loss.
**three, voltage conversion function**
One of the main functions of the transformer is to transform the voltage. When the primary side voltage is applied to the high-voltage winding, through electromagnetic induction, the secondary side of the low-voltage winding will produce a corresponding lower voltage.
**four, current conversion function**
Corresponding to the voltage conversion, the transformer also realizes the current conversion. As the voltage and current is inversely proportional to the relationship, when the voltage increases, the current decreases; Conversely, when the voltage decreases, the current increases.
**V, impedance transformation function***
Transformer also has the function of impedance transformation. Through the appropriate turns ratio design, the transformer can transform the high impedance of the primary side to the low impedance of the secondary side, and vice versa.
**VI. Energy transfer process**
In a transformer, energy is transferred from the primary side to the secondary side in the form of a magnetic field. When the primary side current generates an alternating magnetic field, this magnetic field passes through the iron core and is induced into the secondary side winding, thus generating an induced current on the secondary side and realizing the energy transfer.
**VII, insulation and cooling system***
In order to ensure the normal operation of the transformer, it needs to be well insulated. Insulating materials are used between the windings, core and other components to prevent short circuits and faults. In addition, in order to control the temperature rise and ensure stable performance, the transformer is equipped with a cooling system, such as natural cooling, air cooling or forced oil circulation cooling.
**VIII. Safety and protection measures**
In order to ensure the safe operation of the transformer, a variety of protective measures are taken. For example, overload protection, short-circuit protection and oil temperature overheating protection are provided to prevent the transformer from being damaged due to overload, short-circuit or other faults. In addition, there are lightning protection, gas relays and other devices used to cut off the power supply in a timely manner in the event of a fault within the transformer to protect the equipment from further damage.
In short, power transformer realizes the transformation of voltage, current and impedance through the principle of electromagnetic induction, and transmits electric energy from the primary side to the secondary side. Meanwhile, its good insulation and cooling system as well as perfect safety protection measures ensure the stable operation and long life of the transformer.
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Hevin Tang
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Jiangsu Yawei Transformer Co.,Ltd.
Jiangsu Yawei Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.
Add: No.265,West Huanghai Avenue,Haian City, Jiangsu Province,China
Hevin Tang (Export Manager)
Wechat：Hevin88888
Mob/WhatsApp: +86 188 6272 9569
Email:Hevin@yaweitransformer.com
Web: www.yaweitransformer.com
