On-load oil immersed power transformer

An on-load oil-immersed power transformer is a type of transformer used in electrical distribution and transmission systems. Its primary features include the ability to adjust voltage ratios under load and its oil-immersed design for cooling and insulation.

The core elements of an oil-immersed transformer comprise the magnetic core, windings, dielectric oil, oil tank, heat dissipation system, and terminal bushings. The magnetic core is constructed from silicon steel sheets that possess high magnetic permeability. The transformer's windings are crafted from copper or aluminum conductors and are bifurcated into the primary and secondary sets to facilitate voltage transformation.

The dielectric oil within the transformer plays a triple role as an insulator, a coolant, and a medium that extinguishes electrical arcs, thereby prolonging the operational lifespan of the equipment. The oil tank, typically fabricated from steel plates welded together, contains the dielectric oil. The heat dissipation system, which may operate on natural convection or forced air principles, is tasked with managing the heat produced by the transformer during its operation.

Lastly, the bushings are crucial components that provide both electrical insulation and structural support for the conductive terminals, enabling the secure connection of external circuits to the transformer. These components work in unison to ensure the reliable and efficient function of the oil-immersed transformer.

When selecting materials for the windings in an oil-immersed transformer, the following key factors should be optimized to ensure performance and reliability:

Electrical Conductivity: Opt for materials with high electrical conductivity; copper is generally preferred for its superior conductivity over aluminum.

Mechanical Strength: Choose materials that can withstand the mechanical stresses within the transformer; silver-bearing copper may be used when higher strength is required.

Thermal Performance: The winding materials need to handle thermal loads effectively, which includes considerations for both the conductor and insulation materials.

Insulation Properties: Insulation materials must provide adequate electrical isolation and possess suitable thermal and mechanical properties.

Heat Dissipation: Materials should facilitate heat transfer away from the windings, aiding in maintaining operational temperatures and prolonging the transformer's life.

Cost-Effectiveness: Consider the balance between material cost and performance; while copper is more conductive, aluminum may be a cost-effective alternative for certain applications.

Winding Design: Employ winding techniques that minimize internal circulating currents, such as Continuously Transposed Conductor (CTC), to enhance overall efficiency.

Transformer Configuration: Tailor the material selection to the specific transformer design, whether core-type or shell-type, to maximize the benefits of the winding configuration.

By focusing on these critical factors, the selection of winding materials can be optimized for the transformer's operational requirements, thermal efficiency, and long-term durability.

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