In a power transformer, magnetic flux is generated by the passage of alternating current through the primary side of the transformer's coil, causing the current in the coil to produce a magnetic field. This magnetic field passes through the core of the transformer and generates magnetic flux in the core. Since the core has a much higher permeability than air, the magnetic flux is concentrated in the core.
When the current in the primary side coil changes, the resulting magnetic field also changes, which results in a change in the magnetic flux. This changing magnetic flux generates an induced electromotive force in the secondary side coil of the transformer, and according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the magnitude of the induced electromotive force is directly proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux.
Thus, magnetic flux is generated in a power transformer by alternating current in the primary side coil, which passes through the iron core and generates an induced electromotive force in the secondary side coil, which results in the transformation of voltage.
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