What Does A Transformer Look Like ?

If we want to know what a transformer looks like, we must first have a certain understanding of the basic structure of the transformer, and know what types of transformers there are. Each transformer has a different appearance because of its different uses.

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If we want to know what a power transformer looks like, then we inevitably have to understand the structure of the  transformer.

(The green font below is not available in dry-type transformers)

(1) Body: iron core, winding, insulation structure, lead wire

(2) Oil tank: oil tank body (tank cover, tank wall, tank bottom)

     Oil tank accessories (oil drain valve, oil sample valve, grounding bolt, nameplate)

(3) Cooling device: corrugated sheet, radiator, cooler, fan and oil pump

(4) Protection device: oil storage cabinet, oil level gauge, desiccant, pressure relief valve, thermometer, gas relay, etc.

(5) Outlet device: bushing, plug and unplug head, cable box, etc.

(6) Voltage regulating device: off-excitation tap changer or on-load tap changer

(7) Transformer oil: 25# mineral oil, 45# mineral oil, 60# Nynas oil, FR3 vegetable oil

According to the purpose:
Step-up transformer: It increases the power from low voltage to high voltage, and then transmits it to a distant place through the transmission line. This transformer is generally a power transformer (the actual picture is as follows);

Click to know What is power transformer?

Step-down transformer: It reduces the power from high voltage to low voltage, and then the distribution line supplies power to nearby or relatively close lines. This transformer is generally a distribution transformer (the actual picture is as follows);

Click to knowwhat is a pole distribution transformer?

According to the number of phases:
Single-phase transformer (because this type of transformer has a low capacity, it is often used as a household power distribution product, such as a pole transformer (as shown in the figure) generally uses a single-phase transformer);

Three-phase transformer (the transformer capacity is relatively high, and it is often used in the distribution circuit system to distribute power to the local power network).

Taking pad mounted transformer as an example, the following are the physical pictures of single phase pad mounted transformer and three phase pad mounted transformer. Because the transformer body structure of single phase transformer is smaller than that of three phase transformer, the volume of the whole transformer will be relatively small;

maybe you also want to know: How To Wire A Three Phase Pad Mounted Distribution Transformers?

According to winding:
Single winding transformer (this power transformer has only one winding and is a two-level voltage autotransformer. )
Double winding transformer (the transformer body has two windings, and its body diagram is as follows)
Three winding transformer (similarly, this type of transformer body has three windings, and its body diagram is as follows),

Where winding means the number of coils around the core, as the name implies, single winding means only one coil around the core, double winding means two coils, and three winding means three coils. The design of winding is closely related to the use requirements of transformer: capacity, loss and other values.

According to the winding material, there are:
Copper wire transformer, commonly known as all-copper transformer;

Aluminum wire transformer, commonly known as all-aluminum transformer

(Copper wire and aluminum wire refer to the materials of the winding coil),
The performance of copper transformer is usually much better than that of aluminum transformer. Of course, due to the price of materials, the price of copper transformer will also be higher than that of aluminum.

According to the voltage regulation method, there are:
No-load voltage regulation transformer; Load voltage regulation transformer,
The difference between load voltage regulation and no-load voltage regulation is whether the transformer needs to be powered off when adjusting the voltage of the transformer.

According to the cooling medium and cooling method, there are:
Oil-immersed transformer: The cooling method of oil-immersed transformer is generally natural cooling, wind cooling, forced air cooling, etc. (as shown in the figure below); its cooling medium is generally transformer oil, which is generally integrated with the shell.

Dry-type transformer: The winding is placed in gas (air or sulfur hexafluoride gas), or cast epoxy resin insulation (as shown in the figure below); its cooling medium is generally gas medium such as air, and it can be selected without a shell.

Classified by core structure: core-type transformer and shell-type transformer.

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