What happens to a transformer when it is first connected to a power line?
When a transformer is first connected to the power line, the following may occur:
1. **Current inrush**: Since the transformer has just been connected to the power system, it may be subjected to an initial current inrush. This is usually due to the fact that voltage already exists on the power line before the transformer is connected and the transformer itself has some inductance. When the transformer is connected, a transient current shock develops, which may cause some stress on the transformer windings and other components.
2. **VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS**: When connecting a transformer, voltage fluctuations may occur due to changes in the impedance of the power system. This voltage fluctuation may affect other equipment connected to the same power system.
3. **Overheating**: During the initial period when the transformer is connected to the power system, excessive heat may be generated in the transformer due to current inrush and possible voltage fluctuations. This may cause the transformer to overheat, which may have an effect on the transformer's insulation material and service life if the heat is not properly dissipated.
4. **Protection function activation**: If the phenomena described above result in current or voltage exceeding preset limits, the power system's protective equipment may activate, e.g. circuit breakers may trip, thus disconnecting the transformer from the power system.
To avoid these problems, when a transformer is first connected to the power line, appropriate precautions should be taken, such as using soft-start equipment to minimise current inrush, monitoring voltage and current variations, ensuring that the transformer is in good thermal conditions, and ensuring that the protective equipment is correctly set up and actuated. In addition, engineers should follow the wiring diagrams strictly and pay attention to various safety matters during the wiring process.
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