Winding is the basic component of power transformer voltage conversion, which is composed of different turns of conductive materials. Since the voltage of each turn of different windings is the same, it is necessary to make the winding have different turns to obtain different voltages.
Conductor materials: copper and aluminum
When an electrical transformer is working, current flows through the winding, causing resistance losses in the winding conductors, which can cause heating and reduce the efficiency of the transformer. That's the reason high conductivity metals are used, with copper and aluminum being commonly used as conductors.
Superconducting materials
In addition to using copper and aluminum as conductor materials, due to the emergence of superconducting materials, the scientific and technological community is also studying the use of high-temperature superconducting materials as transformer winding materials. Superconducting materials have no resistance and can greatly improve the efficiency of transformers, as so, their cost is much much higher and can not be commonly used so far.
Winding structure
The structure of the winding is related to its capacity, therefore, the current passing through the winding varies with the rated voltage, while considering manufacturing convenience and feasibility. The commonly used winding structures in power transformers include double-layer cylindrical, multi-layer cylindrical, segmented cylindrical, continuous, tangled, capacitor shielded, spiral, foil, and staggered cake (shell type transformer). The use of different structures for windings is to adapt to different winding voltages, currents, and manufacturing processes.
