Function of power transformer

Power transformers are one of the main equipment in power plants and substations. The function of a transformer is multifaceted. It can not only increase the voltage to deliver electricity to the electricity consuming area, but also reduce the voltage to meet the needs of electricity consumption at all levels. In short, both step-up and step-down must be completed by transformers. In the process of transmitting electrical energy in the power system, voltage and power losses are inevitably generated. When transmitting the same power, voltage losses are inversely proportional to voltage, and power losses are inversely proportional to the square of voltage. The use of transformers to increase voltage reduces power transmission losses.
A transformer is composed of two or more coil windings wound on the same iron core, which are connected by an alternating magnetic field and operate according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. The installation location of transformers should consider convenience for operation, maintenance, and transportation, and a safe and reliable place should be selected. When using transformers, it is necessary to choose the rated capacity of the transformer reasonably. When the transformer operates without load, it requires a large amount of reactive power. These reactive power needs to be supplied by the power supply system. If the capacity of the transformer is chosen too large, it not only increases the initial investment, but also causes the transformer to operate under no-load or light load for a long time, increasing the proportion of no-load losses, reducing power factor, and increasing network losses. This operation is neither economical nor reasonable. Choosing a transformer capacity that is too small can cause long-term overload of the transformer and easily damage the equipment. Therefore, the rated capacity of transformers should be selected according to the needs of the electricity load, and should not be too large or too small.